3-2-1 Summary

3 Things I Learned: 1)Europe was in economic turmoil and fascist leaders gained control of formerly democratic governments.

2)The entire world was effected by the Great Depression, not just the US

3)Art went through drastic changes during these times as a result of war and the work of Sigmund Freud.

2 Thing I Found Interesting: 1) Hitler and Mussolini were elected democratically.

2) Hitler was arrested for trying to take over the government.

1 Question I Still Have: How did the New Deal improve the economy of the U.S.?

Spotlight on Franklin Roosevelt

Roosevelt won the 1932 presidential elction against Herbert Hoover, since he was already popular as the governor of New York. Franklin Roosevelt was inaugurated as president of the United States in 1933. His plan of economic reform during the Great Depression was known as the New Deal. The New Deal included the establishment of the social security system. In order to communicate with the American people, Roosevelt delivered speeches over the radio known as fireside chats. In these chats Roosevelt described his plans for the nation in terms that ordinary Americans could understand. Roosevelt served three terms as president.

U.S. Events

The Roaring Twenties: The roaring twenties was a time characterized by rapidly changing lifestyles, advancements in industry, and financial excesses. Automobiles were cheaper and were affordable for the middle class. In 1920, the nineteenth amendment gave women the right to vote, because of this women felt they had more social freedom. Women started to cut their hair short and wear shorter skirts, they smoked and drank, and they became more promiscuous. Buying on credit became popular during this time which would lead to the stock market crash in 1929.

The Great Depression: With the stock market crash in October of 1929 the United States was in economic turmoil. Many people lost all their savings when this happened. Businesses closed, banks failed, and by 1932 one out of four workers were unemployed. Another cause for the Great Depression was the overproduction of goods. During the twenties there was a high demand for goods and when demand decreased businesses ended up with an overabundent supply of goods.

Important People

Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in 1919. In October 1922, Mussolini led a march to Rome and demanded King Victor Emmanuel III to give over power of the government. Mussolini became Prime Minister, he abolished democracy and banned political parties.

In 1920 Adolf Hitler joined a right-wing political party which came to be known as the Nazi party. In 1923, Hitler tried to seize power and was arrested and tried for treason. He became popular again in 1929 when the Great Depression hit in Germany. By 1932, the Nazi Party was the largest political party in Germany and in 1933 he was made Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg.

Albert Einstein developed the Theory of Relativity which described the relationships between time and space and between energy and matter. Einstein won the Nobel Prize in 1921. On August 2, 1939 he wrote a letter to president Roosevelt urging him to create an atomic weapons research program.

Art Pieces

This painting is Violin and Candlestick by Georges Braque. It is a cubist painting.

This painting is called L.H.O.O.Q. by Marcel Duchamp. It is the Mona Lisa with a mustache drawn on it. This painting is a piece of the Dada movement because it is absurd and nonsensical.

This painting is Three Musicians by Pablo Picasso. It is a cubist painting because Picasso used geometric shapes to paint a picture rather than using life-like techniques.

This painting is The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali. It is an example of surrealism which shows a link between real life and th world of dreams. This painting says that time is meaningless.

Introduction

This blog is about Chapter 15: Years of Crisis 1919-1939. This chapter describes the world post World War I, including the Great Depression and cultural changes in music and art. The objective of this chapter is to show how World War I changed the world.